The cryptography literature often uses the names "Alice" (or "A") for the sender, "Bob" (or "B") for the intended recipient, and "Eve" (or "E") for the eavesdropping adversary. The sender of an encrypted (coded) message shares the decryption (decoding) technique only with the intended recipients to preclude access from adversaries. Practical applications of cryptography include electronic commerce, chip-based payment cards, digital currencies, computer passwords, and military communications.Ĭryptography prior to the modern age was effectively synonymous with encryption, converting readable information ( plaintext) to unintelligible nonsense text ( ciphertext), which can only be read by reversing the process ( decryption). Core concepts related to information security ( data confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation) are also central to cryptography. Modern cryptography exists at the intersection of the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, information security, electrical engineering, digital signal processing, physics, and others. More generally, cryptography is about constructing and analyzing protocols that prevent third parties or the public from reading private messages. Lorenz cipher machine, used in World War II to encrypt communications of the German High CommandĬryptography, or cryptology (from Ancient Greek: κρυπτός, romanized: kryptós "hidden, secret" and γράφειν graphein, "to write", or -λογία -logia, "study", respectively ), is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior. JSTOR ( March 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification.
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